This study addresses the vital importance of the Litani River in Lebanon and the environmental challenges resulting from its severe pollution. An estimated 40 million cubic metres of untreated sewage is dumped into the river annually, exacerbating its deterioration. The study argues that Lebanon’s water crisis is deeply rooted in political fragility, inadequate governmental response, the sectarian political system, the aftermath of the civil war, and pervasive poverty. The study emphasizes the urgent need for sustainable development and balanced reconstruction in Lebanon, advocating for integrated solutions and effective water and land governance. The study highlights the importance of effective use of natural resources and the adoption of innovative technologies to bolster resilience against climate change. Proposed measures include remote sensing, improved rainwater collection, and enhanced soil humidity.
